栏目导航
- Oro Agri在荷兰推出杀虫/杀螨剂Oroganic
- 作者： 年份期号： 2020-6 刊名：世界农药 关键词：靶标害虫 田间作物 抗性风险 粉虱 有益昆虫 杀螨剂 害螨 生物防治
- 描述：2020年初Oro Agri在荷兰推出了新的杀虫/杀螨剂Oroganic。此产品含有天然橙油活性成分,已被荷兰批准登记,用于温室中番茄、甜椒、辣椒、葫芦科(例如黄瓜)和观赏植物(例如切花),防治叶螨、粉虱、蓟马、蚜虫和粉介。目前正在进行进一步的用途研究、登记和标签扩展,可用作防治灰霉病、白粉病和霜霉病的杀菌剂,用于室内和田间作物。Oroganic能迅速、有力地击倒靶标害虫和害螨,对有益昆虫和螨的影响低,无残留,没有获前使用间隔期的限制,可用于生物防治,是理想的综合害物管理(IPM)方法。Oroganic的物理作用机制为降低害物对活性成分的抗性风险,故可频繁施用;甚至可用于解决害物对喷雾或桶混制剂中其他活性成分的抗性。Oroganic是安全、环境友好型产品,是优异的防治措施。Oroganic含有的一种成分是助剂,故其也是许多其他植物保护产品桶混的优异配伍组分。
- Optimization of inhibition conditions of Trichoderma atroviride T2 fermentation liquid protein extract TraT2A and its field control efficacy for lily leaf spot disease.
- 作者：ZY Bian 年份期号： 2022-4 刊名：Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao 关键词：田间防效 Trichoderma atroviride T2 strain inhibition activity 百合叶斑病菌 field control efficacy TraT2A 深绿木霉 T2 菌株 fermentation protein extract Alternaria alternata 抑菌活性 发酵液蛋白提取物
- 描述：In order to improve the inhibition activity and light stability of the protein extract TraT2A from the fermentation broth of Trichoderma atroviride T2 strain, the ultraviolet protective agents (ascorbic acid, humic acid) and the auxiliary agent (IE-08, SP-4821A and SP-4821B) were screened, the inhibition condition of TraT2A for Alternaria alternata were optimized through the colony growth rate test, and the field control efficacy on lily leaf spot disease was determined. The results showed that TraT2A had a good inhibitory effect on A.alternata at 200.00 mg/mL and the inhibitory rate was 72.12%. With the prolongation of the UV illumination time, the inhibition activity of TraT2A gradually decreases. The addition of 5.00 mg/mL humic acid had an excellent UV protection effect on TraT2A and its inhibition rate (69.01%) increased by 39.64% compared with that without a UV protection agent (29.37%). The addition of 0.17 mg/mL adjuvant of SP-4821A increased the inhibition activity of TraT2A most significantly and the inhibition rate (95.13%) increased by 25.97% compared with the TraT2A control (69.16%). According to the optimized formula, 200 g TraT2A (the mass concentration was 200.00 mg/mL), 5 g humic acid (the mass concentration was 5.00 mg/mL), 0.17 g SP-4821A (the mass concentration was 0.17 mg/mL) and 794.83 mL sterilized water was mixed and the field control efficacy of the mixture was tested on lily leaf spot disease, the result showed that its field control efficacy was 80.37%. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the further development of TraT2A preparations for the control of lily diseases.
- Optimization of field cleaning parameters of soybean combine harvester.
- 作者：暂无 年份期号： 2020-10 刊名：Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 关键词：soybean harvest multi parameter adjustable and measurable cleaning system 多参数可调可测式清选系统 cleaning index 清选指标 harvester 影响规律 field test 田间试验 influence rule optimization 收获机 优化 清选参数 大豆机收 cleaning parameters
- 描述：At present, there are few studies on the influence of the cleaning parameters of soybean harvester on the cleaning indexes in China. In order to change the current situation of soybean combine harvester, due to the lack of theoretical guidance for the parameter adjustment of the corresponding cleaning device, the cleaning parameter adjustment is not timely and accurate, resulting in high loss rate and high impurity content of soybean harvester. In this study, the multi parameter adjustable and measurable cleaning system was used to optimize the cleaning parameters of soybean harvester in field test. The influence rules of the five cleaning parameters on the two cleaning indexes were analyzed, and the best cleaning parameter combination was found. The field verification test of the best cleaning parameter combination of soybean harvester was completed. Based on the analysis of the structure of cleaning system and the principle of cleaning operation of soybean harvester, the importance of the operating parameters and operating speed of cleaning device to the cleaning indexes of soybean combine harvester was obtained. The operation speed, opening of chaffer screen, damper opening, fan speed and crank speed of shale shaker were used to optimize the five cleaning parameters in field experiments. Cleaning loss rate and impurity rate were used to optimize the two cleaning indexes of field experiments. Through the analysis of the influence of cleaning device on the indexes of soybean combine harvester, the cleaning loss rate and impurity rate were determined as cleaning indexes, and in the field experiment, the cleaning loss of samples were collected in the form of binding cleaning loss receiving bag at the back of cleaning room to optimize the parameters of cleaning loss in the field experiment. Response surface test design and data analysis are completed by using design expert software. The contribution rate and response effect of each parameter on the two cleaning indexes were analyzed by the contribution rate method and response surface diagram. The results showed that the order of influence of cleaning parameters on cleaning loss rate was crank speed of shale shaker, fan speed, operation speed, damper opening, opening of chaffer screen. The order of influence of cleaning parameters on the impurity rate was opening of chaffer screen, damper opening, fan speed, operation speed, crank speed of shale shaker; The results showed that when the cleaning loss rate was small and the impurity rate was small and the feeding amount was large, the optimal cleaning parameters were operation speed was 6 km/h, opening of chaffer screen was 32 mm, damper opening was 17°, fan speed was 1 310 r/min and crank speed of shale shaker was 410 r/min. At this time, the cleaning loss rate was 0.25%, the impurity rate was 0.61%, and the relative error with the optimized value of the model was 0.250% and 0.113%, respectively. Compared with the cleaning indexes of the field experiment of soybean combine harvester under the common cleaning parameters, the cleaning loss rate was reduced by 0.05%, and the impurity rate was reduced by 2.09%. The results provide a theoretical basis for the setting and adjustment of cleaning parameters and the research and development of self-adaptive cleaning system.
- Nichino America除草剂CrazeTM（嘧苯胺磺隆）在加州获登，用于葡萄、坚果类作物等
- 作者： 年份期号： 2021-5 刊名：农药 关键词：杉叶藻 支链氨基酸 田间试验 宝盖草 禾本科杂草 除草剂抗性 嘧苯胺磺隆 坚果类
- 描述：Nichino America公司除草剂CrazeTM现已在加利福尼亚获登,可用于葡萄、坚果类作物等。Craze含有活性成分嘧苯胺磺隆,被HRAC（除草剂抗性行动委员会）归入Group 2除草剂,它通过抑制植物乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）来阻断缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸等支链氨基酸的生物合成,从而导致植物死亡。Craze能够在苗前长效防控坚果和藤本植物中的杂草,包括四川锦葵、宝盖草（henbit）、藜、杉叶藻（marestail）等。Craze还能在苗前抑制难除的禾本科杂草和莎草香附子,对靶标杂草也具有苗后除草活性。田间试验表明,与其他ALS除草剂相比,Craze对阔叶杂草具与之有相同或更好的药效。另外,Craze能够防控对苗后除草剂具有抗性或耐受性的阔叶杂草。Nichino America产品经理Cathy Fleming-Wimer提到,Craze的优势在于它对飞蓬和杉叶藻的除草活性。这一重要优势连同它对其他易感杂草的广谱除草活性使其成为种植者在苗前喷洒程序中绝佳的除草剂选择。
- Molluscicidal activity of tea saponin to Pomacea canaliculata and its safety evaluation against three aquatic organisms.
- 作者：暂无 年份期号： 2021 刊名：Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao 关键词：植物源农药 水生生物 tea saponin botanical pesticide 茶皂素 safety evaluation 田间药效 field control efficacy aquatic organism 福寿螺 安全性评价 杀螺活性 molluscicidal activity Pomacea canaliculata
- 描述：Pomacea canaliculata, golden apple snail, has been listed as one of the 100 most destructive invasive alien species in the world by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Recently, tea saponin, a botanical pesticide, has been reported to show effective molluscicidal activity. However, safety evaluation of tea saponin to environment is scarce. In this work, the toxicity of tea saponin to P. canaliculata was tested in the lab and the safety evaluation of tea saponin against three aquatic organisms was investigated. In addition, the field control efficacy of tea saponin to P. canaliculata was evaluated. The results showed that tea saponin was effective to P. canaliculata under the conditions of lab, and the LC50 values (all of the following values are shown in the form of active ingredients) against late adult, early adult and larvae snails were 2.61, 2.39 and 2.68 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, tea saponin showed low toxicity to Daphnia magna (EC50 of 17.77 mg/L) and moderate toxicity to Barchydonio rerio (LC50 of 1.76 mg/L). Tea saponin could also promote the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Application of tea saponin at dosages of 2.03, 2.25 and 2.48 kg/hm² resulted in a corrected control efficacy of higher than 90% to P. canaliculata in the field, which showed similar control effect to that of commercialized molluscicides, metaldehyde with 0.45 kg/hm² and niclosamide ethanolamine with 0.57 kg/hm². The present results will pave the way for the effective management of P. canaliculata with tea saponin in the field.
- Mechanism for the application of biochar in remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland and its research advances.
- 作者：暂无 年份期号： 2020-13 刊名：Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 关键词：field application soil remediation heavy metals 土壤修复 生物炭 biochars 进展 田间应用 农田 farmland 重金属 advance
- 描述：Heavy metals contaminated soils pose a serious risk to human beings and animals via direct exposure and food chain. Biochar, a carbon-rich material, is used to remediate heavy metals contaminated farmland. This strategy provides an effective method for utilizing biomass resources and ensuring food safety. With increasing attention, the number of published articles concerning biochar has been increasing in the recent ten years, therefore providing researchers with a large amount of evidence and insights. In this study, the latest studies of biochar in the remediation of heavy metals contaminated farmland were reviewed, with the focus on possible mechanisms of biochar-heavy-metal interactions, related impact factors, and in-situ application of biochar at the field scale. Biochar showed a strong sorption ability, attributed to its physiochemical properties such as large specific surface area, abundant functional groups and high cation exchange capacity. The application effect of biochar was greatly influenced by its characteristics. After summarizing biochar’s physiochemical property data in recent years, the study discussed the changing law of biochar’s properties with the alteration of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature, respectively. To modulate the properties of biochar for soil remediation, various modifiers with different concentrations were adopted, including acids, bases, oxidizing agents, organic solvents and metal salts or oxidizing agents. In general, the purposes of modification were to enlarge the surface area, to change the functional groups, and to increase the adsorption performance and catalytic capacity. Furthermore, the immobilization mechanisms of heavy metals by biochar were illustrated. The direct immobilization could be achieved through physical absorption, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and redox reaction. Besides, the indirect effects of biochar on heavy-metal mobility and bioavailability, which could be achieved via impacting soil characteristics and thus heavy-metal-soil complexation, were less understood and could be largely underestimated. Biochar addition could alter many soil properties including pH value, dissolved organic carbon, mineral composition, and cation exchange capacity. These changes would affect heavy-metal-soil interactions and thus heavy-metal mobility and bioavailability. Many laboratory studies had demonstrated biochar’s effectiveness in decreasing the bioavailability of heavy metals as well as improving soil quality. However, the value of biochar in the remediation of contaminated land had not been well tested in the field. In different field trials, distinct results (beneficial, neutral or adverse effects) had been reported due to wide variations in field conditions and biochar characteristics. To better understand whether biochar application could provide a promising direction for soil remediation, this review was undertaken to assess the published field trial. The results of most previous field trials indicated that biochar could potentially reduce heavy-metal bioavailability in the field. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in the heavy-metal enrichment of the crops was observed. It was found that the use of biochar may help increase crop yields on polluted farmland and reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer used in the field. The application of biochar could inactivate heavy metals through improving soil physicochemical properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, water retention capacity etc.). In addition, it also could be used to enhance the uptake of soil nutrients for plant growth. However, according to a majority of studies, biochar’s effectiveness in reducing the impacts of heavy metals depended on a myriad of factors in the field, including biochar applying process (variety and dosage rate of the biochar, mixing depth), agronomic measure (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer application) and climatic conditions (air temperature and precipitation). In the last part, future research on the perfection of the mechanisms of soil remediation using biochar, the expansion of the scale, and the long-term monitoring on soil was prospected.
- K-O李克强
- 作者：暂无 年份期号： 2014-第4期 刊名：中国经贸聚焦 关键词：李克 卷首语 少年时期 经史百家 《昭明文选》 文史研究馆 少年时代 对我说 《资治通鉴》 《安徽日报》
- 描述：K-O李克强
- Infield Corn Kernel Detection and Counting Based on Multiple Deep Learning Networks.
- 作者：MM Fogler 年份期号： 2022-4 刊名：Smart Agriculture 关键词：CNN YOLOv5 深度学习 harvest loss L 田间玉米籽粒 Mask R 收获损失 D5 deep learning Det YOLOX infield corn kernel Efficient kernel count 籽粒计数
- 描述：Machine vision has been increasingly used for agricultural sensing tasks. The detection method based on deep learning for infield corn kernels can improve the detection accuracy. In order to obtain the number of lost corn kernels quickly and accurately after the corn harvest, and evaluate the corn harvest combine performance on grain loss, the method of directly using deep learning technology to count corn kernels in the field was developed and evaluated. Firstly, an RGB camera was used to collect image with different backgrounds and illuminations, and the datasets were generated. Secondly, different target detection net‐ works for kernel recognition were constructed, including Mask R-CNN, EfficientDet-D5, YOLOv5-L and YOLOX-L, and the collected 420 effective images were used to train, verify and test each model. The number of images in train, verify and test datasets were 200, 40 and 180, respectively. Finally, the counting performances of different models were evaluated and compared according to the recognition results of test set images. The experimental results showed that among the four models, YOLOv5-L had overall the best performance, and could reliably identify corn kernels under different scenes and light conditions. The aver‐ age precision (AP) value of the model for the image detection of the test set was 78.3%, and the size of the model was 89.3 MB. The correct rate of kernel count detection in four scenes of non-occlusion, surface mid-level-occlusion, surface severe-occlusion and aggregation were 98.2%, 95.5%, 76.1% and 83.3%, respectively, and F1 values were 94.7%, 93.8%, 82.8% and 87%, respectively. The overall detection correct rate and F1 value of the test set were 90.7% and 91.1%, respectively. The frame rate was 55.55 f/s, and the detection and counting performance were better than Mask R-CNN, EfficientDet-D5 and YOLOX-L net‐ works. The detection accuracy was improved by about 5% compared with the second best performance of Mask R-CNN. With good precision, high throughput, and proven generalization, YOLOv5-L can realize real-time monitoring of corn harvest loss in practical operation.
- Indoor screening of biofungicides for strawberry root rot and verification of field control efficacy.
- 作者：JE Regan 年份期号： 2022-6 刊名：Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao 关键词：biopesticide 田间防治效果 pathogen isolation and identification field control efficacy 草莓根腐病 生物源农药 病原菌分离鉴定 strawberry root rot inhibitory activity 抑菌活性
- 描述：Strawberry root rot is one of the main diseases of strawberry in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. In this report, the pathogen strains of strawberry root rot were isolated through tissue isolation method. And they were identified as Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum through morphological and molecular biological methods. The inhibitory activity of four plant derived fungicides against two Fusarium species was determined by mycelial growth rate test. Matrine + osthol 1.5% AS had the strongest inhibitory activity to F. oxysporum with EC50 value of 2.7 μg/mL, while matrine 0.3% EC had the strongest inhibitory activity to F. solani with EC50 value of 4.5 μg/mL. Three plant derived fungicides and three microbial fungicides (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa and Trichoderma harzianum) were selected for field test against strawberry root rot. The 600 times dilution of B. subtilis 100 billion spores/g WP had the best control efficacy against strawberry root rot, up to 69.25%. The control efficacy of 800 times dilution of B. polymyxa 1 billion spores/g WP, 700 times dilution of matrine + osthol 1.5% AS and 200 times dilution of T. harzianum 200 million spores/g WP were 63.14%, 62.84% and 59.74%, respectively. Therefore, B. subtilis WP, B. polymyxa WP, matrine + osthol AS and T. harzianum WP are recommended as field control agents for strawberry root rot.
- Formula selection of Phoma herbarum SYAU-06 water dispersible granule againgst day flower.
- 作者： 年份期号： 2020-4 刊名：Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao 关键词：配方筛选 formula selection 鸭跖草 真菌 微生物源除草剂 dayflower mycoherbicide 田间防效 water dispersible granule fungi field control efficacy Phoma herbarum 水分散粒剂 草茎点霉
- 描述：Phoma herbarum SYAU-06 isolated from diseased leaves of dayflower was expected to be a candidate of mycoherbicide, which could cause the death of dayflower by effective infection and was safe to most crops. In this study, the biocompatibility of different carriers and adjuvants with P. herbarum was explored. Under the conditions safe to SYAU-06, the physicochemical properties of different carriers and adjuvants were compared. The optimum formula for P. herbarum SYAU-06 water dispersible granules (WG) was determined as follows (by mass fraction): SYAU-06 fermentation mycelial cultures 15%, wetting agent BX 6%, dispersant NNO 4%, disintegrating agent ammonium sulfate 6%, binder polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) 4%, stabilizer calcium carbon 5%, carrier silica 60%. The properties of P. herbarum SYAU-06 WG prepared in accordance with this formula were measured. The results showed that the content of SYAU-06 living mycelium was 2.55 × 108 cfu/g, the wetting time was 28.16 s, the disintegration time was 70.50 s, the suspension percentage was 88.90%, the pH value was 6.97, and the moisture content was 1.47%. All of the indicators of the sample were up to the standard. The field control efficacy of P. herbarum SYAU-06 WG on dayflowers in soybean field was determined by the foliage spraying method. The fresh weight control effect against dayflower 21 days after the application was 50.89%, 55.97%, 60.67% and 69.88% respectively at the formula dosage of 1 305, 1 740, 2 175 and 3 480 g/hm².