环巢湖特色文化库

Toxicity and field efficacy of azadirachtin against Ostrinia furnacalis Gue nee and safety evaluation to sorghum.: 作者：JM Pearce 出版日期：2022-01-01
来源：
关键词：toxicity sorghum 毒力 field effect 安全性高粱 botanical pesticide 田间防效 azadirachtin 印楝素 safety Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee 亚洲玉米螟植物源杀虫剂; 描述：[Objectives J The study aimed to study the control effect of botanical pesticide azadirachtin against Ostrinia furnacalis in sorghum. [ Methods J The activity of azadirachtin against 0. furnacalis was determined by diet incorporation method in the laboratory, the control efficacy was investigated in the three sorghum fields, and the safety evaluation on three sorghum varieties was determined by pot method. [ Results J Under indoor condition, the LC50 value of 2nd ins tar larvae was 6.44 mg· L- 1 , and the activity was relative high. The efficacy on plant protection and insect control effects in three provinces were ranged from 80.07% to 89.26% and 73.51 % to 87.31 %,and those were significantly better than control pesticides. The growth inhibition rate of 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate at the dosage of 18 g • hm - 2 was significantly higher than 4.5, 9 g • hm - 2 for three sorghum varieties, one plant of all three sorghum varieties showed leaf edge chlorosis,and one plant of \'Chiza No.16\' showed leaf edge chlorosis of 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate at the dosage of 9 g • hm - 2 after 14 d of spraying, the growth of three sorghum varieties was normal and safe for sorghum. [ Conclusions] Azadirachtin had good toxicity activity and control effect against O.furnacalis,and it was safe for sorghum.

Synthesis, properties and applications of low-foaming allyl polyoxyethylene methyl ether modified trisiloxane.: 作者：暂无 出版日期：2021-01-01
来源：
关键词：田间防效 polyether modification additives performance 三硅氧烷 field control pesticide adjuvant 聚醚改性助剂性能农用助剂 low foam type 低泡型 trisiloxane; 描述：To develop low-foam pesticide adjuvants, an novel allyl polyoxyethylene methyl ether modified trisiloxane surfactant (2a) was prepared by adding heptamethyltrisiloxane to allyl polyoxyethylene (n = 7) methyl ether (1a). The structure of 2a was confirmed by FT-IR and ¹H NMR. The surface tension of the 2a aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.1% was lower than 20.50 mN/m. The 30 s spreading diameter was 52.5 mm. And the foam volume was 36 mL. Overall, its comprehensive performance is comparable to foreign low-foam pesticide additives. Compared with the widely used pesticide adjuvant FGM683, 2a could reduce the amount of foam by more than 50%. The results of indoor biological activity tests showed that after adding 0.1% of 2a to thiamethoxam 250 water-dispersible granules (WG), the LC50 value to N. lugens was 1.55 (1.27-1.82) mg/L, while the LC50 value without 2a was 2.01 (1.71-2.34) mg/L. Field test results showed that when 2a at the dose of 90 g/hm² was added to the thiamethoxam 250 WG at the dosage of 225 g/hm², the control effect on N. lugens was increased by 5.8% 3 days after drug application and increased by 9.0% 7 days after drug application. The results of this study show that low foam polyether modified trisiloxane 2a can significantly increase the control effect of thiamethoxam 250 WG on N. lugens. It can be used as a tank mixing aid for the control of N. lugens in rice fields.

Synthesis and fungicidal activities of 1-[2-benzyloxy-2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives.: 作者：暂无 出版日期：2020-01-01
来源：
关键词：田间防效 synthesis 合成杀菌活性 triazole derivatives fungicidal activity 麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂 field efficacy 益康唑 ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors 三唑衍生物 econazole; 描述：Using antifungal medication econazole as the lead compound, a series of 1-[2-benzyloxy-2- (2,4-difluorophenyl) ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The in vitro fungicidal activities of those compounds against 7 plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated to discover effective compounds preliminarily. The efficiencies of the most effective compounds were further tested against rice sheath blight and wheat stripe rust in greenhouse and field. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect on the ergosterol biosynthesis of R. solani also were determined. Most of the target compounds exhibited good fungicidal activities against the tested plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, especially against Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria solani. By measuring their EC50 values, it was found that the EC50 values of the tested compounds against R. solani were less than 3 μmol/L, which were significantly higher than those of difenoconazole and econazole. The EC50 values of 4a, 4b, 4c, 4g, 4i and 4l against A. solani were all lower than 10 μmol/L. Compounds 4b and 4i showed higher than 70% control efficiencies against wheat stripe rust at 250 μmol/L in greenhouse. And the control efficiency of compound 4b against wheat stripe rust was 81.93% at 240 g a.i./hm2 in field. In addition, compounds 4b and 4i were found to be effective in inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis of R. solani with the inhibition rate of around 80% at the concentration of 100 μmol/L.

Synergistic effect and field efficacy of penoxsulam mixed with diflufenican against weeds in transplanted rice.: 作者：R Baets 出版日期：2022-01-01
来源：
关键词：安全性水稻杂草五氟磺草胺 rice resistance 田间防效 penoxsulam safety weeds 联合作用吡氟酰草胺 field efficacy 抗性 diflufenican synergistic effect; 描述：Diflufenican is a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibiting herbicide, the synergistic effect, and field efficacy of diflufenican mixed with acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicide penoxsulam against weeds in rice were evaluated in greenhouse and field. The results showed that penoxsulam combined with diflufenican exhibited an additive effect for the control of Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus difformis and Eclipta prostrata. When the dose ratio of penoxsulam and diflufenican was (1- 2)﹕(5-10), the weed control efficacy was higher than penoxsulam or diflufenican applied alone. The results of field experiments showed that the penoxsulam + diflufenican 300 g/L SC was safe for transplanted rice, and had good efficacy against E. crusgalli, C. difformis, Ammannia arenarid, and Ludwigia prostrata by spraying treatment on stem and leaf of rice 8 days after transplanting, especially to the notorious weeds such as A. arenarid and L. prostrata. The ratios of weed density and the fresh weight reduction were 93.8%-95.8% and 94.1%-96.1% 35 days after treatment with the doses of the active ingredients as 112.5-135.0 g/hm2 . The mixtures had significantly higher control efficacy than the conventional herbicides bensulfuron methyl + acetochlor 22% WP and penoxsulam or diflufenican alone. The combination of penoxsulam and diflufenican was safe for rice and could expand the weed control spectrum with high efficacy, which could be used in transplanted rice fields for annual weed control.

Surfer软件在土地工程中的应用: 作者：李劲彬 出版日期：2020-01-01
来源：
关键词：田间持水量黄土高原土壤容重 Surfer软件水土流失; 描述：为了解地表不同覆盖物作用下,林地土壤容重和田间持水量的时空变化特征,本文以樱花树、紫薇、柏树、梧桐树为研究对象,运用Surfer11软件对不同林地土壤容重以及田间持水量进行等值线图绘制研究,可直观反应不同林种作用下土壤容重和田间持水量的分布情况,对治理黄土高原水土流失工作有一定指导意义。

SSR标记与田间种植鉴定玉米品种纯度的比较: 作者：易红梅 出版日期：2021-01-01
来源：
关键词：田间鉴定 SSR 玉米纯度; 描述：从行业标准中筛选出8对适用于玉米品种纯度鉴定的引物组合,能区分90%以上的审定品种。96%的审定品种在8个引物组合中有4个以上的杂合位点,具有较高的杂合率和品种区分能力。38份来自全国种子市场的样品同时进行田间种植和SSR纯度鉴定,8对SSR引物组合检测出自交苗平均值为0.6%,异型株为1.8%,纯度为97.7%;田间种植鉴定检测出的自交苗平均值为1.4%,异型株为0.6%,纯度为97.9%,两种方法检测的纯度值具有良好的相关性。对田间鉴定出的自交苗、弱苗、异型株和典型株进行SSR鉴定,结果表明,自交苗、异型株与典型株两种方法检测结果一致,SSR能准确区分田间难以鉴定的弱苗和病株。7份SSR检测一致性为3～5级的样品,SSR基因型和田间表型均表现出明显的分离,样品一致性差引起的非典型株界于典型株和异型株之间,是品种纯度鉴定的难点。

SSR分子标记鉴定两系杂交水稻“荃两优2118”的种子纯度: 作者：王立广 出版日期：2020-01-01
来源：
关键词：田间鉴定两系杂交水稻 SSR分子标记种子纯度; 描述：采用SSR分子标记技术鉴定两系杂交水稻"荃两优2118"的种子纯度。从48对SSR引物中筛选到2组引物(RM7120、RM8277)。随机选取"荃两优2118"种子6组,每组样品随机取192棵种子苗种进行纯度检测,结果显示同一样品SSR标记与田间鉴定结果接近,最大、最小差异分别为2.05%和0.23%。因此,SSR标记技术适用于"荃两优2118"的种子纯度鉴定。

SPSS统计软件在《生物统计与田间试验》课程次数分布教学中的应用: 作者：朴锦 出版日期：2021-01-01
来源：
关键词：次数分布《生物统计与田间试验》本科教学 SPSS统计分析软件; 描述：《生物统计与田间试验》课程是生物学相关专业的专业基础课程,在生产实践和科学研究中具有重要的地位。该文在描述性统计中次数分布理论教学的基础上结合实际案例,运用SPSS统计软件探讨了次数分布表和图制作过程。通过理论教学与实践操作相结合的方式,加深学生对数量性状资料数据整理方法的理解与掌握,激发学生对该课程的学习兴趣,提高学生的实践动手能力和逻辑思维能力,达到提高教学效果的目的。

Sensitivity of field populations of Grapholita molesta in Gansu Province to eight insecticides using the egg dipping method.: 作者：W Schaeberle 出版日期：2022-01-01
来源：
关键词：field population 杀虫剂 Grapholita molesta egg dipping method insecticide sensitivity insecticide resistance 田间种群抗药性浸卵法梨小食心虫敏感性; 描述：Grapholita molesta (Busck) is an important pest in fruit tree production in northern China. In order to determine the resistance level of G. molesta population to commonly used insecticides in Gansu Province, the sensitivity of field populations of G. molesta from three different areas to eight insecticides was determined by the egg dipping method and the status of insecticide resistance was analyzed. The results showed that field populations of G. molesta showed moderate resistance to spinetoram (RR = 10.24-14.27), low to moderate resistance to deltamethyrin (RR = 8.85-11.44), moderate resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole and spirotetramat (RR = 18.89-86.62), and high resistance to abamectin, emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb (RR = 99.82-189.81). The results provide a scientific basis for the scientific and rational application of insecticides in the control of G. molesta in orchards.

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